Umarnin watsa bas
485 wani nau'in bas ne na serial bas wanda ake amfani da shi sosai wajen sadarwar masana'antu.485 sadarwa yana buƙatar wayoyi biyu kawai (layi A, layi na B), ana ba da shawarar watsawa mai nisa don amfani da murɗaɗɗen garkuwa.A ka'ida, matsakaicin nisan watsawa na 485 shine ƙafa 4000 kuma matsakaicin adadin watsa shine 10Mb/s.Tsawon ma'auni na ma'auni na ma'auni ya bambanta daidai da adadin watsawa, wanda ke ƙasa da 100kb/s don isa iyakar watsawa.Ana iya samun mafi girman adadin watsawa a cikin ɗan gajeren nisa.Gabaɗaya, matsakaicin adadin watsawa da aka samu akan murɗaɗɗen waya na mita 100 shine kawai 1Mb/s.
Don samfuran sadarwa 485, nisan watsawa ya dogara ne akan layin watsa da aka yi amfani da shi, yawanci mafi kyawun murɗaɗɗen garkuwa, nisan watsawa zai kasance.
Akwai maigida ɗaya kawai a cikin bas ɗin 485, amma ana ba da izinin na'urorin bayi da yawa. Maigidan na iya sadarwa da kowane bawa, amma ba zai iya sadarwa tsakanin bayi ba.Nisan sadarwar yana ƙarƙashin ma'auni 485, wanda ke da alaƙa da kayan wayar sadarwa da ake amfani da su, yanayin hanyar sadarwa, ƙimar sadarwa ( ƙimar baud) da adadin bayi da aka haɗa.Lokacin da nisa na sadarwa ya yi nisa, ana buƙatar juriya na 120-ohm don inganta ingancin sadarwa da kwanciyar hankali. Juriya na 120 ohms yawanci ana haɗa su a farkon da ƙarshen.
Hanyoyin da aka haɗa na isar da bas da ma'aikatar kula da bas sune kamar haka:
Hoto 1: Hanyar hanyar haɗin kai ta bas mai sarrafa bas
Sensor: iskar gas mai guba shine electrochemical, iskar gas mai ƙonewa konewa ce, carbon dioxide infrared ne.
Lokacin amsawa: ≤40s
Yanayin aiki: ci gaba da aiki
Wutar lantarki mai aiki: DC24V
Yanayin fitarwa: RS485
Yanayin zafin jiki: -20 ℃ ~ 50 ℃
Yanayin zafi: 10 ~ 95% RH [babu iska]
Takardar shaidar tabbatar da fashewar no.Saukewa: CE15.1202
Alamar tabbatar da fashewa: Exd II CT6
Shigarwa: bangon bango (bayanin kula: koma ga zanen shigarwa)
Tsarin bayyanar: harsashi mai watsawa yana ɗaukar harsashi na aluminum da aka kashe wanda aka tsara tare da tsarin kariya na harshen wuta, ƙirar tsagi na murfin babba yana dacewa don kulle harsashi, an tsara gaban firikwensin tare da tsarin ƙasa don tabbatar da mafi kyawun hulɗa tsakanin firikwensin. da iskar gas, da mashigai suna ɗaukar haɗin gwiwa mai hana fashewar fashewar ruwa.
Girman waje: 150mm × 190mm × 75mm
Nauyi: ≤1.5kg
Tebur 1: Babban sigar gas
| Gas | Sunan gas | Fihirisar fasaha | ||
| Kewayon aunawa | Ƙaddamarwa | Alamar ƙararrawa | ||
| CO | Carbon monoxide | 0-1000pm | 1ppm ku | 50ppm ku |
| H2S | Hydrogen sulfide | 0-100ppm | 1ppm ku | 10ppm ku |
| EX | Gas mai ƙonewa | 0-100% LEL | 1% LEL | 25% LEL |
| O2 | Oxygen | 0-30% vol | 0.1% vol | Ƙananan 18% vol Babban 23% vol |
| H2 | Hydrogen | 0-1000pm | 1ppm ku | 35ppm ku |
| CL2 | Chlorine | 0-20pm | 1ppm ku | 2ppm ku |
| NO | Nitric oxide | 0-250pm | 1ppm ku | 35ppm ku |
| SO2 | Sulfur dioxide | 0-100ppm | 1ppm ku | 5ppm ku |
| O3 | Ozone | 0-50pm | 1ppm ku | 2ppm ku |
| NO2 | Nitrogen dioxide | 0-20pm | 1ppm ku | 5ppm ku |
| NH3 | Ammonia | 0-200ppm | 1ppm ku | 35ppm ku |
| CO2 | Carbon dioxide | 0-5% vol | 0.01% vol | 0.20% vol |
Lura: Teburin da ke sama 1 shine kawai ma'aunin gas na gaba ɗaya.Da fatan za a tuntuɓi masana'anta don buƙatun gas na musamman da kewayo.
Tsarin watsa bas shine tsarin sa ido na hanyar sadarwa (gas) wanda ke haɗa iskar gas da watsa sigina 485 kuma ana gano shi kai tsaye da sarrafawa ta hanyar PC mai masaukin baki ko majalisar gudanarwa.Tare da fitarwa na relay, gudun ba da sanda zai rufe lokacin da iskar gas ke cikin kewayon ƙararrawa.An tsara tsarin watsa bas ɗin daidai da ƙayyadaddun buƙatun ƙirar hanyar sadarwar bas 485, kuma ana amfani da shi zuwa daidaitaccen sadarwar cibiyar sadarwar bas 485.
Hoto na 2: Tsarin ciki na watsawa
Bukatar wayoyi na tsarin jigilar bas daidai yake da na daidaitaccen bas 485.Koyaya, yana kuma haɗa wasu abubuwan da suka samar da kansu, kamar:
1. An haɗa cikin ciki tare da juriya na 120 ohm, wanda aka zaɓa ta hanyar canzawa.
2. Gabaɗaya, lalacewar wasu nodes ba zai shafi al'ada aiki na bas bas.Duk da haka, ya kamata a nuna cewa idan manyan abubuwan da ke cikin kumburi sun lalace sosai, gabaɗayan jigilar bas na iya zama gurgu.Kuma Da fatan za a tuntuɓi masana'anta don takamaiman mafita.
3. Ayyukan tsarin yana da kwanciyar hankali, goyon bayan 24 hours na ci gaba da aiki.
4. Matsakaicin izini na ka'idar shine 255 nodes.
Lura: layin sigina baya goyan bayan filogi mai zafi.Shawarar amfani: da farko haɗa layin siginar bas 485, sannan kunna kumburin don aiki.
Hanyar hawan bango: zana ramuka masu hawa kan bango, yi amfani da bolts fadada 8mm × 100mm, gyara kusoshi fadada akan bango, shigar da mai watsawa, sannan a gyara shi da goro, kushin roba da kushin lebur, kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto na 3.
Bayan an gyara mai watsawa, cire murfin babba kuma gabatar da kebul daga mashigai.Dubi zanen tsarin don tashoshin haɗin gwiwa tare da polarity mai kyau da mara kyau (Haɗin Nau'in Ex), sannan kulle haɗin gwiwa mai hana ruwa, matsa saman murfin bayan dubawa.
Lura: dole ne firikwensin ya kasance ƙasa lokacin da aka shigar
Hoto 3: Girman waje da ramin hawa bitmap na watsawa
1. Ana ba da shawarar igiyoyi biyu don igiyar wuta da sigina.Layin wutar lantarki yana AMFANI da PVVP, kuma layin siginar dole ne ya ɗauki nau'i-nau'i masu karewa da aka yarda da su (RVSP Twisted pair).Yin amfani da wayoyi masu murɗaɗɗen garkuwa suna taimakawa wajen ragewa da kuma kawar da ƙarfin da aka rarraba tsakanin layukan sadarwa guda 485 da kuma tsangwama na gama gari da aka samu a kewayen layin sadarwa.Nisan watsawa 485 ya bambanta bisa ga waya da aka zaɓa, kuma gabaɗaya baya kai matsakaicin matsakaicin nisan watsawa.Ana ba da shawarar kada a yi amfani da kebul na tsakiya 4, wuta da sigina ta amfani da kebul iri ɗaya.Hoto 4 shine layin sigina, kuma adadi na 5 shine layin wutar lantarki.
Hoto 4: Layin Sigina
Hoto 5: Layin wutar lantarki
2. Wayar watsawa a cikin gine-gine don kauce wa faruwar madauki, wato, samuwar nau'in madauki mai yawa.
3. Lokacin da ginin ya kamata ya bambanta ta hanyar bututu, kamar yadda zai yiwu daga babbar waya mai ƙarfin lantarki, don kaucewa kusa da wutar lantarki mai ƙarfi, siginar filin magnetic mai ƙarfi.
485 bas don amfani da tsarin hannu-da-hannu, da ƙudurin kawar da haɗin tauraro da haɗin bifurcation.Haɗin tauraro da haɗin bifurcated zai haifar da siginar tunani, don haka yana shafar sadarwar 485.An haɗa garkuwar zuwa gidan mai watsawa.Ana nuna zanen layi a hoto na 6.
Hoto 6: Cikakken ginshiƙi
Ana nuna madaidaicin zane na wayoyi a cikin adadi na 7 kuma an nuna hoton wayoyi mara kyau a adadi na 8.
Hoto 7: Madaidaicin zane na wayoyi
Hoto na 8: Tsarin wayoyi mara kyau
Idan nisa ya yi tsayi da yawa, ana buƙatar mai maimaitawa, kuma ana nuna hanyar haɗin mai maimaitawa a cikin adadi 9. Ba a nuna wutar lantarki ba.
Hoto 9: Hanyar haɗi mai maimaitawa
4. Bayan an gama wayoyi, sai a fara haɗa sassan masu watsawa, yanke igiyar wutar lantarki da layin sigina, sannan a yi haɗin ƙarewa a wurin mai watsawa, kamar yadda aka nuna a adadi 2. Yi amfani da multimeter don gwada ko akwai gajeriyar kewayawa tsakanin sigina. da kuma layukan wutar lantarki.Ƙimar juriya tsakanin layin siginar A da B shine kusan 50-70 ohms.Da fatan za a bincika ko mai watsa shiri zai iya sadarwa tare da kowane mai watsawa sannan ya haɗa sauran sassan don gwaji.Saita canjin mai watsawa na ƙarshe a halin yanzu an haɗa shi zuwa kunne, Sauran sauya mai watsawa saita zuwa 1.
Lura: Ƙarshen ƙarshen shine kawai haɗin wayar bas.Ba a yarda da sauran hanyar haɗin waya ba.
Lokacin da akwai guntuwar masu watsawa da yawa da nisa, da fatan za a kula da ƙasa:
Idan duk nodes sun kasa karɓar bayanai, kuma hasken mai nuna alama a cikin mai watsawa bai yi aiki ba, yana nuna cewa wutar lantarki ba zai iya samar da isasshen wutar lantarki ba, kuma ana buƙatar wani wutar lantarki mai sauyawa, don haka ana bada shawarar yin amfani da wutar lantarki mai girma. .A cikin matsayi tsakanin madaidaicin wutar lantarki guda biyu, cire haɗin 24V+, 24V- da aka haɗa don kauce wa tsangwama tsakanin wutar lantarki guda biyu.
B.Idan asarar node yana da tsanani, saboda nisan sadarwar ya yi nisa sosai, bayanan bas ɗin ba su tsaya ba, suna buƙatar amfani da maimaitawa don tsawaita nisan sadarwa.
5. Mai watsa wayan bas ɗin yana tare da buɗaɗɗen gudu na yau da kullun na al'ada. Lokacin da yawan iskar gas ya wuce wurin da aka saita saitin ƙararrawa za a rufe, ƙasa da wurin ƙararrawa, gudun ba da sanda zai cire haɗin mai amfani zai yi wayoyi bisa ga buƙatu.Idan kana son sarrafa fanko ko wasu kayan aikin waje, da fatan za a haɗa na'urorin waje da na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa zuwa madaidaicin wutar lantarki (kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto na 10 zanen wayoyi na relay)
Figure 10 tsarin wayoyi na relay
RS485 tsarin jigilar bas masu alaƙa da matsaloli da mafita
1. Wasu tashoshi ba su da bayanai: yawanci ba a kunna kumburin ba saboda wasu dalilai na waje, hanyar ita ce duba ko hasken nuni a kan allon kewayawa yana walƙiya. daban.
2. Hasken mai nuna alama yana walƙiya kullum, amma babu bayanai.Wajibi ne a duba ko an haɗa wayoyi A da B a kullum ko kuma suna haɗa su a baya. Cire haɗin wutar lantarki na wannan kumburin sannan a sake shigar da kebul na bayanai don ganin ko za ku iya samun wannan bayanan kumburin. Bayanan kula na musamman: kar ku haɗa. igiyar wutar lantarki zuwa tashar kebul na bayanai, zai lalata na'urar RS485 sosai.
3. Ana buƙatar haɗin tasha.Idan na'urar bas 485 ya yi tsayi da yawa (fiye da mita 100), ana ba da shawarar aiwatar da haɗin ƙarshe. Ana buƙatar haɗin ƙarshen a ƙarshen RS485, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin adadi 2. Idan layin bas ɗin ya yi tsayi da yawa, mai maimaitawa. Ana iya amfani da haɗin kai don tsawaita nisan watsawa.(bayanin kula: Idan ana amfani da mai maimaita RS485, babu buƙatar haɗin tasha a mai maimaitawa kuma an gama haɗin ciki.
4. Sai dai matsalolin da ke sama, idan hasken mai nuna alama yana haskakawa akai-akai (filashi 1 a sakan daya) kuma sadarwa ta kasa, za'a iya yanke hukuncin lalacewa (idan sadarwar layi ta al'ada) Idan yawancin nodes ba zai iya sadarwa ba, da fatan za a fara farawa. tabbatar da cewa wutar lantarki da layukan sadarwa sun yi kyau, sannan a tuntubi tallafin fasaha masu dacewa.
Lokacin garanti na kayan gwajin gas ɗin da kamfaninmu ya ƙera shine watanni 12, wanda ke farawa daga ranar bayarwa. A cikin aiwatar da amfani, mai amfani yakamata ya bi ka'idodin aiki, saboda rashin amfani, ko yanayin aiki ya haifar da kayan aikin. lalacewa, ba a rufe shi a cikin garanti.
Da fatan za a karanta umarnin a hankali kafin amfani da kayan aiki.
Dole ne aikin kayan aiki ya bi ka'idodin da aka ƙayyade a cikin umarnin.
Kulawar kayan aiki da maye gurbin sassa za a gudanar da su ta hanyar kamfaninmu ko tashoshin kula da gida.
Idan mai amfani bai bi umarnin da ke sama ba, farawa ko maye gurbin sassan, amincin kayan aiki ya kamata ya zama alhakin mai aiki.
Hakanan amfani da kayan aikin zai bi ka'idoji da ƙa'idodi na hukumomin gida da abin ya shafa da sarrafa kayan aiki a masana'anta.
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